Children with Down syndrome (DS) have an increased risk for developing pulmonary hypertension due to multiple factors:
نویسنده
چکیده
Upper airway obstruction is common in DS due to: midfacial hypoplasia, macroglossia, narrowing of the nasopharynx, tonsillar and adenoidal enlargement, laryngomalacia, tracheomalacia and congenital malformations of the larynx and the trachea. The incidence of OSA was reported to be 30-50%. Exacerbating factors including obesity and gastro-esophageal reflux may contribute to the occurrence of sleep apnea.
منابع مشابه
Increased Lung Expression of Anti-Angiogenic Factors in Down Syndrome: Potential Role in Abnormal Lung Vascular Growth and the Risk for Pulmonary Hypertension
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Infants with Down syndrome (DS) or Trisomy 21, are at high risk for developing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), but mechanisms that increase susceptibility are poorly understood. Laboratory studies have shown that early disruption of angiogenesis during development impairs vascular and alveolar growth and causes PAH. Human chromosome 21 encodes known anti-angiogenic fa...
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